Rashes and skin disorders in babies (newborns)

1. Newborns may have a skin rash at birth. Also shortly after birth, patches of skin may develop that vary in severity, location, color, shape, amount, ... Some skin conditions are very mild and disappear spontaneously within days, months to years. Other skin lesions require medical treatment because they can disturb other tissues or because other symptoms are associated with the skin diseases. In addition, some skin lesions are part of a hereditary syndrome and the baby has other problems.

Strawberry stains

1. Symptoms Strawberry spots (cavernous hemangiomas), which mainly consist of blood vessels, affect 4 to 10% of infants. This presents at or shortly after birth as a single red to purple lumpy growth that grows rapidly for the first three to nine months. Often multiple skin lesions are present. The size, depth and location of these growths are variable. Strawberry spots usually appear spontaneously, but sometimes they are part of a syndrome, such as the PHACES syndrome, in which, in addition to the skin abnormality, there are also problems with the heart, brain

2. Symptoms Strawberry stains (cavernous hemangiomas), which consist mainly of blood vessels, affect 4 to 10% of infants. This presents at or shortly after birth as a single red to purple lumpy growth that grows rapidly for the first three to nine months. Often multiple skin lesions are present. The size, depth and location of these growths are variable. Strawberry stains usually appear spontaneously, but sometimes they are part of a syndrome, such as the PHACES syndrome, in which, in addition to the skin abnormality, there are also problems with the heart, the brain

Acne

1. Acne, also known as “pink pimples” or “baby acne” is characterized by a red, irritated skin with pimples, inflamed bumps or sometimes even abscesses, cysts (abnormally shaped cavities in the body) , scars and lumps develop. This rash is common in newborns and normally appears on the cheeks and forehead at birth or a few weeks after birth. Neonatal acne is the result of a baby coming into contact with hormones while it is in the womb

2. Acne, also known as “pink pimples” or “baby acne” is characterized by a red, irritated skin with pimples, inflamed bumps or sometimes even abscesses, cysts (abnormally shaped cavities in the body) , scars and lumps develop. This rash is common in newborns and usually appears on the cheeks and forehead at birth or a few weeks after birth. Neonatal acne is the result of a baby coming into contact with hormones while it is in the womb

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

1. Causes Synonyms for acrodermatitis enteropathica are "congenital zinc deficiency", "Brandt syndrome", "Danbolt-Cross syndrome" and "Danbolt syndrome". This skin disease is the result of a rare hereditary zinc absorption deficiency (the body is unable to absorb zinc). The skin lesion presents in babies who are breastfed for four to six weeks

Aplasia cutis congenita

1. Aplasia cutis congenita is often a hereditary condition in which the formation of certain areas in the scalp or skin is disturbed. Treatment is supportive until the injury has healed. Sometimes a hairless scar develops which can be removed later in life. Less commonly, the trunk and limbs are affected and the lesions are accompanied by limb abnormalities, epidermolysis bullosa (detachment of the epidermis and blistering)

2. Aplasia cutis congenita is often a hereditary condition in which the formation of certain areas in the scalp or skin is disturbed. Treatment is supportive until the injury has healed. Sometimes a hairless scar develops which can be removed later in life. Less commonly, the trunk and limbs are affected and the lesions are accompanied by limb abnormalities, epidermolysis bullosa (epidermal detachment and blistering)

Archipelago spot

1. An archipelago spot

Herpes simplex

1. Neonatal herpes simplex develops in babies whose mothers have become infected with the virus. 70% of babies develop a rash and 90% of these children develop a systemic disease. Grouped red papules and blisters appear on the skin. These grow into pimples with a crusty edge. These bleed for two to three days. The treatment of herpes simplex in babies is done with the help of drugs

Incontinentia pigmenti

1. Incontinentia pigmenta, a condition that causes symptoms to the skin and eyes, affects almost only women. A red rash and blister shapes that follow Blaschko's lines appear on the skin. Wart-like plaques appear after a few weeks to months. Then, about two to six months after birth, pigment changes occur causing dark, marble cake-like spots to appear in the skin (hyperpigmentation

Lupus erythematosus

1. Ring-shaped red (erythematous) spots (plaques) develop in the baby. This transplacental transmission condition results from prolonged exposure to the harmful UV rays of sunlight, and it also exacerbates symptoms. Associated diseases include heart block, hepatosplenomegaly (an enlargement of the spleen and an enlargement of the liver), anemia (anemia), leucopenia (a lack of leukocytes: type of white blood cells), thrombocytopenia (a lack of platelets) and / or lymphadenopathy ( swollen lymph nodes). Normally the symptoms last for about six to 12 months, unless the heart is also affected. Topical

2. Ring-shaped red (erythematous) spots (plaques) develop in the baby. This transplacental transmission is the result of prolonged exposure to the harmful UV rays of sunlight, and it also exacerbates symptoms. Associated diseases are heart block, hepatosplenomegaly (an enlargement of the spleen and an enlargement of the liver), anemia (anemia), leucopenia (a lack of leukocytes: type of white blood cells), thrombocytopenia (a lack of platelets) and / or lymphadenopathy ( swollen lymph nodes). Normally the symptoms last for about six to 12 months, unless the heart is also affected. Topical

Diaper rash

1. Diaper dermatitis is the medical term for diaper rash. This is an eczema condition caused by faeces and urine that stick to the skin. This occurs in almost all babies around the world. The pliable body parts are usually spared, which is a useful distinguishing feature of seborrheic dermatitis (skin disease with dandruff, scaling and red skin) and atopic eczema (chronic skin disease with dry skin and itchy skin). If satellite skin lesions are present along the edge, this may indicate additional Candida infection. This rash also occurs in elderly people who suffer from urinary incontinence

Milia

1. Milium is more commonly known by the plural form, milia. Milia, synonym for "milk spots", are small follicular epidermal cysts. They look like little white pimples that are often on babies' faces. Sometimes they also end up on the eyes and cause a white bump on the eyelid

Birthmarks

1. Birthmarks occur at birth. They consist of vascular (red) spots or pigmented (skin-colored to black spots). This harmless skin lesion does not cause any other symptoms. Sometimes a birthmark is part of an underlying syndrome such as neurofibromatosis (abnormalities of the skin and eyes) or the Goltz-Gorlin syndrome

Rubella

1. In congenital rubella (congenital rubella) the lesions have a blueberry color. When rubella spreads, it causes jaundice (jaundice), inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia), inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), bone abnormalities and a lack of blood platelets (thrombocytopenia). Congenital rubella has also been associated with cataracts, small eyes (microphthalmia), increased eye pressure (glaucoma) and congenital heart disease. These blueberry skin lesions also occur in congenital CMV and toxoplasmosis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

1. Another common neonatal rash is seborrhoeic dermatitis. This rash is characterized by the formation of several greasy, crusty, thick yellow crusts on the scalp. This sometimes appears to be itchy and painful, but is not a problem for the child. Within a few months, seborrhoeic dermatitis will disappear

Thrush

1. Thrush is a neonatal skin rash with a coating in the mouth that is comparable to cottage cheese or milk. There is an overgrowth of a yeast in the body. This is sometimes painful for a child and therefore requires treatment in these cases. The doctor prescribes antimycotics

Syphilis

1. With congenital syphilis, the baby gets the bacterial infection from the mother. The baby develops lesions on the skin and mucous membranes two to six weeks after birth. The most common finding is purulent papules (bumps) that start in the palms and soles and then spread to the limbs, face, and trunk (pemphigus syphiliticus). The diagnosis of congenital syphilis is done with the help of a blood test. Early diagnosis and treatment with high doses of penicillin (antibiotics) are necessary to avoid late complications. Sometimes babies with this disease are also born premature, grow poorly and develop enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) and liver (hepatomegaly) and a runny nose

Chickenpox

1. Varicella, the medical term for “chicken pox”, mainly develops after exposure in the womb in the third trimester (the closer to the expected delivery date, the higher the risk). The baby develops blisters during the first three to ten days of life. When the infection spreads, it may lead to pneumonia, inflammation of the spinal cord and meninges, purpura (bleeding under the skin, slightly increased), low blood pressure (hypotension), and occasionally even death. In case of suspicious injuries, the doctor will immediately put medication

Wine stain

1. A port-wine stain (pink or purple discoloration of skin) is also known as "nevus flammeus" or as a "capillary hemangioma", but strictly speaking a port-wine stain not a hemangioma, but an abnormal widening of the capillaries of the skin. A port-wine stain presents at birth as a flat red spot that is usually on the face. Usually a port-wine stain does not improve spontaneously and may even thicken over time. A port-wine stain is sometimes accompanied by other conditions such as epilepsy, hemiplegia (paralysis of one half of the body), the Sturge-Weber syndrome (symptoms affecting the brain, eyes and skin), ... If a port-wine stain is close to the skin of the eye, glaucoma is a risk factor and an ophthalmic examination is mandatory. The treatment of port-wine stains is most effective with laser therapy. The facial lesions respond best to the laser treatment, but sometimes the lesions darken again after a few years.